In primary schools, children are often included in the process of assessment. The aim is to involve children in the analysis and constructive criticism of their own work and that of others. Peer and self-assessment are ways of engaging children in understanding their progress and identifying next steps in their learning. They are not replacements for teacher marking and feedback but important additional forms of assessment which encourage children to become independent learners. If the assessment is to be effective, time must built in to the lesson for structured reflection.